People often ask me about which digital art tools to use, and how to afford them. I use a combination of free open source programs along with expensive traditional programs. Here's a list of programs I use, and free or under $10-alternatives. Most of these are open source, although a few are freeware (free software) and cheap apps.

Tools I Use, and their free/cheap alternatives:

Adobe Photoshop CS

Type: Pixel art program.

Uses: Photo retouching, airbrushing, adding color to lineart, enhancements.

Complex Alternatives: Gimp, Gimpshop

Easy Alternatives: Paint.NET (Windows Only!)

App Alternatives (under $10, but not free): AutoDesk Sketchbook Pro (Android), LayerPaint (Android), Layers (iPad)

Note: Students qualify for educational discounts for Adobe products. Campus stores offer them, and often have year-end sales to sell off older technology. Students can also qualify for free copies by getting involved with student publications, working for a professor, or simply asking faculty members for their spare copies. Technology departments keep extra versions or access codes on hand, and many let you keep the software. Microsoft-compatible versions are harder to find than Mac-compatible ones.

Adobe Illustrator

Type: Vector art program

Uses: Lineart, logos, signs, font creation, art that is resized a lot

Complex Alternatives: Inkscape

Simple Alternative: Inkscape and Illustrator both have an "easy button" called "Auto Trace." It has a sub-settings menu to adjust the type of inking. Auto-Trace is very powerful feature that is useful for tracing lineart and handwritten letters (for authentic "hand written" font creation.)

Note: Students can get deep educational discounts for Adobe products. The student store is usually cheapest, especially when selling off older technology. Students may also qualify for free copies by getting involved with student publications, working for a professor, or simply asking faculty members for their spare copies. Many technology departments keep extra versions or access codes on hand, and let you keep the technology. Microsoft-compatible versions are harder to find than Mac-compatible ones.

Sculptris (free)

Type: 3D Modeling Computer Assisted Design (CAD) Program

Uses: "Hand sculpting" 3D content, organic shapes, jewelry, faces, "sketching out" a 3D project

Note: Sculptris does not "hollow" out your work. Since hollowing saves as much as 90% of money on 3D printing, export your Sculptris work into another software for hollowing.

Blender (free and open source):

Type: 3D Modeling Computer Assisted Design (CAD) Program, 3D Animation Program

Uses: Retopology, hollowing out a model, engineering, creating complex mechanical parts with exact measurements, sculpting (sculpting interface is less intuitive than Sculptris is), 3D animation, 3D games. Blender "does everything."

Notes: Blender's Boolean (i.e. hole punching) feature isn't good for complex sculpts. So make holes, don't break holes.

Adobe Flash (OUTDATED)

Type: 2D Animation Software

Uses: Cartoon animation, games (not recommended), websites (not recommended)

Alternatives: HTML5 (strongly recommended), Synfig, Pencil

Note: Flash has serious compatibility issues with smartphones and touchscreens. I still use Flash for fun, but use HTML 5 for professional projects.

InDesign

Type: Desktop Publishing and Formatting Tool

Uses: Magazine, eReader, document layouts, pamphlets, books

Alternatives: Scribus

Easy Alternatives: Libre Office

... And counting. Stay tuned :D!

These "Lava Lamp Series" illustrations were made using Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. I used individual pixel shading techniques and gradient tools for all textures. Photographic textures (i.e. metal and plastic effects) were not used for these drawings.

Since I take public transportation whenever possible, I see all sorts of weird, interesting things. The top five weird things that ever happened to me on public transportation this year:

1. Man walks up to me randomly, and asks me if I have a "nervous problem." I tell him that "I don't think I do." He insists I am wrong, then asks "are you pregnant? You must be pregnant." I stare at my phone and say nothing. He turns to his reflection, and speaks for it for the rest of the ride.

2.  Five different men asking me why my boyfriend "allowed you to leave" and travel cross-country. I guess I forgot to ask for permission, but this can of military-grade pepper spray should keep me warm at night.

3. A very thin 30-something woman in a tight snakeskin skirt and bantu knots in her hair stands in line with me. I board the bus, and she starts to snarl, snort, and growl behind my back.

4. A drunk homeless senior citizen insisting that I was trying to pick him up, then yelling at me to talk to him. No reply came from me. Another girl answered instead: "She don't want to talk to you!" He asks her for money.

5. A guy getting off the bus, and insisting on walking me home. I stop a long way before my house, and pretend another house is my house. He grabs my hand and kisses it forcefully. I pry away and he informs me that he is a gentleman. I had not not realized.

Credits: Top photo is a Creative Commons photograph by Josh Hallett. Small photograph below it is mine.